Yarn guide for axminster looms



P 1934- w. w. ROBERTSON 1,973,358

YARN GUIDE FOR AXMINSTER LOOMS Original Filed Jan. 26, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l Mf JZMF/I/a/F 11 M 7ferzfsv/z S P 1934- w. w. ROBERTSON 1,973,358

YARN GUIDE FOR AXMINSTER LOOMS Original Filed Jan. 26, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Sept. ll, i934 YARN GUIDE roe AXMINSTER LOOMS William W. Robertson, Worcester, Mass, assignor to Drompton & KnowlesLocm Works, Worcester, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts Application January 26, 1933, Serial No. 653,633 Renewed February 12, 1934 6 Claims. (01. 139-8) This invention relates to improvements in Axminster looms for weaving a pile fabric having the pattern on the back and it is the genoral object of the invention to provide improved guides for the tuft forming yarns and their tubes on tube frames.

1 In looms of the type to which this invention relates it is desirable to employ a notched and hooked nose board in order to offset the con- 10 traction incident to the use of cotton filling. The nose board renders the use of the ordinary comb found on Axminster looms undesirable, if not impossible. There must accordingly be employed some form of guide for. the tuft yarns 15. which project from the yarn tubes of the tube frames, so that during the tuft forming operation the rear half of the tuft will move between the proper binder threads without crossing.

In the so-called Smith type of Axminster loom the yarn tubes of the tube frames, when moving toward pile forming position from the transporting chain, project rearwardly during the operation and are then swung down through the binder warps. Because of the hairy nature of the color yarns they are likely to stick to the binder warps and any other unpolished or slightly roughened surfaces, with the result that they are not properly aligned during the tuft forming operation. It is an important object of my present invention to provide narrow guides,

preferably one for each color yarn, formed as elongated enclosures having preferably vertical walls and made of thin sheet metal. The binder and stuifer warps and also the reed dents move outside these guides so that the tuft yarns have no contact with the binder warps after they are projected below the latter. During that part of the tuft forming operation in which mis-alignment might otherwise occur due to frictional enflgagement of the color yarns with other parts,- the yarns are guided between the walls of the enclosures and directed to their proper places.

It is to be understood that ina loom of this and also the reed dents move under the positive action of a crank or cam which moves them, so that these parts are not easily influenced to assume improper positions. The color yarns, on

the other hand, project from the yarn tubes a distance more than sufficient to make the complete tuft, and are loosely guided by the yarn tubes. The tuft yarns are therefore free to respondto slight frictional engagements such as would not effect the proper movements of the warp or filling threads, and some form of guide is preferable for the tuft yarns.

In certain forms of my invention the form of enclosures or guides is such that the upper portions thereof lie either below or project only slightly above the bottom shed of binders. These guides may preferably be formed U-shaped with the bent part at the rear and pointed or cam shaped to assist reed movement. The forward ends'of the enclosures may lie close to the teeth of the'nose board. In this way the teeth of the nose board form the front of a substantially continuous or closed guide to direct the tuft yarns after they have been inserted between the. binder warps.

In an ordinary Axminster loom the weft laying is accomplished by a needle which is projected through the warp threads from one side of the loom and then returned for each beat of the lay. It is a further object of my invention to form the previously mentioned inclosures or guides with inclined rear surfaces which will not only facilitate entry of the yarn tubes of the tube frame, but will also provide clearance for so the needle.

It is a further object of my invention to provide means to direct the shots of filling downwardly against the tuft yarns while the latter are moving up the inclined nose board teeth, thereby aiding the upward curving of the free ends of the tuft yarns. I

With these and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, my inventicn resides in the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and set forth. in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein a con-- venient embodiment of my invention is set forth:

. Fig. 1 is a vertical elevation through part of an Axrninster loom having my invention applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a detailed plan view on an enlarged scale takenin the direction of arrow 2, Fig. 1;

Figs. 3 to 8 represent diagrammatically succ'essive. positions of the yarn tube in the formation of a tuft, and V Fig. 9 is a detail longitudinal sectional view of a pile fabric to the production of which my invention relates.

Referring to Figs. 1 and I have shown a loom frame 20 having cam shaft 21 with a cam plate 22 to which are attached cam sections 23,

24 and 25. The latter act successively to oscillate a cam lever 26 operatively related to an arm i of the tufts in front of the hooks.

27 secured to and depending from the lay shaft 28. Extending upwardly from the shaft are other arms 29 which support the lay beam 30 and reed 31 with its several dents 32. The latter may be held in position rigidly on the lay beam in any approved manner, and the cams act to move the lay and the reed back and forth so as to advance the picks of filling toward the fell of the cloth.

A transporting chain 35 cooperates with sprockets 36 which advance the chain with a step by step movement so that the tube frames carried thereby may come in proper position to be received by the transferrer arms 37. The latter are of the usual form and are located one at each end of the loom, and each has a clutch 38 effective in the usual manner to disconnect the tube frame from the chain and move the same down toward tuft forming position,

Front and back knives 40 and 41, respectively, may operate in the usual manner to cut a row of tufts from the tube frame in tuft forming po-. sition. The loom may have extending thereacross a breast beam 42 which is rigid with the loom frame.

The matter thus far described may be for the most part the same as that found in ordinary Axminster looms, and the successive movements of the lay may if desired follow those shown in co-pending application Serial No. 575,174.

in carrying my invention into effect I provide a support Edseoured to the loom frame and extending substantially parallel to the breast beam. This support carries a number of spaced guides or tuft yarn inclosures 51 shown more particularly in 2. Each inclosure may have a profile sub.- stantially the same as that shown in the diagrammatic figures and is formed of a thin piece of sheet metal having parallel walls 52 which.

are connected together at their rear ends by an integral pointed or cam shaped portion 53. The forward ends of the walls are attached in any approved mann r to the support 50. The mounte ing is such that the inclosures have their walls substantially rigid with respect to the loom frame, although of course a slight'resiliency is present due to the nature of the material from which the inclosures are made.

The highest part of the curve of the profile shown at in Fig. 3 preferably extends to a location between the upper and lower binders B and B respectively, the curve being inclined downwardly and rearwardly as at 61 and the inclosures being rather narrow in vertical dimension as at 62.

The forward part of the profile may be curved downwardly as at 63 and extends between teeth 64 of a nose board 65. The latter is secured to the loom frame to hold each tooth 64 rigidly in position, and each tooth is preferably formed with an upstanding hook 66. The rear faces of the teeth are each inclined rearwardly and downwardly as at 67 so as to present a yarn engaging surface which serves as the front wall of the yarn inolosures. The teeth are separated by notches 68 which are in alignment with the reed dents 32. The upper part of the curved surface 63 does not project above the teeth 64, and therefore does not interfere with the formation The curved surface may be downwardly and forwardly inclined where it intersects the rear face of the adjoining tooth.

As shown in Fig. 9 the fabric to be woven has tufts Twhioh are looped around the. bottom of the low shots of filling F, there being three shots for each tuft. The relation between binder and stuifer warps with respect to the tufts and shots of filling are set forth in this figure and the yarns are manipulated in such a way as to produce this weave. So far as certain features of my invention are concerned I do not wish to be limited to this particular weave.

In operation, the mechanism set forth in Fig. 1 will operate in the usual manner to move a tube frame down toward the warps with the yarn tubes projecting rearwardly almost in a horizontal plane. The manipulation of the tube frame is similar to that found in the usual Smith type Axminster loom and the frame is rolled so that as the spool is elevated the yarn tubes gradually assume a substantially vertical position, moving forwardly and projecting down through the binders. Slight variations from the usual method of controlling the tube frame may be used, if desired, but in general the motion will be the same as that ordinarily found in the type of loom mentioned.

Ina complete cycle, the first shot of filling F will be advanced by the reed up the inclined surface 60 to a position immediately behind the hooks 66, as shown in Fig. 3. The reed then moves back to the dotted line position shown in this figure and from there still further back to. the full line position shown in Fig. 4. The tube frame is then presented as already described and substantially at the beginning of its rolling stroke the yarn tubes will be almost as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4. The tube frame will then move to slide the yarn tubes into the inclosures between the walls 52, the yarn tubes passing through the dot and dash position of Fig. 4 to the full line position. As the loom continues to operate the tube frame will be moved substantially to its erectposition with the yarn tubes vertical and the tuft yarns disposed more or less as shown in Fig. 5, after which the reed advances to beat the second pick of filling F upthe incline 60 to force the tuft yarn against the shot F.

This leaves the'yarns about as shown in Fig. 6, after which continued forward motion of the reed moves both picks of filling and the tuft yarn over the hooks 66, as shown in Fig. '7. The tube frame may then be raised to pull off, after which the cutters sever the tufts from the tube frame, as suggested in Fig. 8.

It will be seen from Fig. 2 that the shape of the inclosures is such that the needle N can lay the shot of filling without conflict or interferencewith the inclosures or guides. The binder and stuifer warps lie outside the inclosures and are thereby held away from the tuft yarns, so that the latter are out of contact with the fibrous substances during a large part of their tuft forming movements.

From the foregoing it will be'seen that l have provided a simple form of fixed guide having spaced walls between which the tuft tubes extend to position the tufts so that the latter willmove in substantially parallel planes between the dents of the reed. The inclosures may have their rear ends pointed as shown in Fig. 2 to facilitate entry of the reed dents, and the binder and stuffer warps as well as the reed dents lie outside of the inclosures sothat the tuft yarns are not in engagement with anything except the smooth walls of the inclosures during a large part .of the tuft forming operation. It will further be seen that the inclosures are fixed and shaped so that the needle may insert a shot of filling. The movement of the tuft yarns rearwardly and upwardly between the reed dents as set forth herein is substantially the same as that shown in co-pending application filed by Dacey and myself Serial No. 575,190. As a matter of practical convenience the yarn tubes may be moved out of the inclosures before the reed dents advance to a position where their filling engaging parts will be abreast of the tuft tubes, since by this procedure the inclosures or guides can yield slightly first to the tuft tubes, and then the reed dents. The parts can be made sufficiently small, however, so that this mode of operation is not necessary.

Having thus described my invention it will be seen that changes and modifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and I do not wish to be limited to the details herein disclosed, but what I claim is:

1. In an Axminster loom operating with binder warps, a reed having dents located between the warps, a tube frame having yarn tubes with tuft yarns to be moved between the binders, and means defining a series of inclosures, each inciosure being between binder warps and located between the reed dents when the latter are in forward position, said inclosures to be occupied only by the tuft yarns to define guides therefor.

2. In an Axminster loom operating with binder warps, a reed having dents to space the warps, a tube frame having tuft tubes with tuft yarns projecting therefrom, a series of inclosures extending substantially parallel to the binders, and means to move the tube frame to cause the yarn tubes and tuft yarns to enter the inclosures, said inclosures located between the binders and also between the reeddents when the latter are in forward position, the inclosures being occupied only by the tuft yarns and tuft tubes.

3. In an Axminster loom operating with binder warps, a reed having dents to space the warp, a tube frame having yarn tubes with yarns projecting therefrom, a series of elongated narrow inclosures substantially parallel to the binder warps, the warps and reed dents to be located outside the inclosures at all times, and means to move the yarn tubes and tuft yarns into said inclosures preparatory to the formation of a row of tufts, said inclosures guiding the tuft yarns and preserving the same in parallel relationship during the tuft forming operation.

4. In an Axminster loom operating with binder warps, a reed having dents to space the Warp, a tube frame having yarn tubes with yarns projecting therefrom, a series of elongated narrow tubular tuft yarn guides closed at their rear ends, the reed dents and binder warps to be located outside the guides at all times, and means to move the tube frame to cause the tuft yarns and tuft tubes to enter the guides, whereby the latter hold the tuft yarns in parallel relationship during a portion of the tuft forming operation.

5. In an Axminster loom operating with binder warps, a reed having dents to space the warp, a tube frame having yarn tubes with yarns projecting therefrom, a plurality of elongated narrow tuft yarn inclosures with spaces therebetween, the binder warps and reed dents to be located outside of the inclosures at all times and movable in the spaces between said inclosures, and means to move the yarn tubes and tuft yarns into said inclosures, the inclosures preserving parallel relationship of the tuft yarns during the first part of a tuft forming operation of the loom.

6. In an Axminster loom operating with binder warps, a reed having dents to space the warp, ii"

a tube frame having yarn tubes with yarns projecting therefrom, a series of elongated narrow inclosures having their upper surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, the binders and dents located outside of said inclosures at 

